How does the polar vortex cause a drastic drop in temperatures?

Introduction to the Polar Vortex

First mentioned by the media to explain the extreme cold waves which regularly hit the northern hemisphere, the "polar vortices" have become a common expression to designate these meteorological phenomena. But then, what is the polar vortex and how does it contribute to a sudden drop in temperatures ? It is important to point out that the polar vortex itself is not a new phenomenon. It is a naturally occurring high-altitude wind system that is active throughout the year. However, it is during the winter months that its effect is most felt.

Understanding the Polar Vortex

THE "polar vortices" are composed primarily of wild, cold winds that move in a circle around the poles of our planet, in the layer of air called the stratosphere. They form when the air temperature at the pole is much colder than that at the pole. air further south. Normally, these vortices remain confined to the poles, but when their circulation is disrupted (by a temperature or pressure anomaly for example), they can move towards lower latitudes. It is then that we feel their effects: a sudden drop in temperatures, sometimes accompanied by extreme weather conditions.

Consequences of a disruption of the Polar Vortex

When the polar vortex is stable, it keeps the air cold at the poles. However, when destabilized, it can swing frigid air towards regions further south, causing severe temperature drops and sometimes snow in areas that normally do not see it, as was the case for the United States and Europe during winter 2014.

Polar Vortex and Climate Change

Despite the image of extreme cold evoked by the name "polar vortex", some scientists believe that a more unstable polar vortex could actually be caused by global warming. Indeed, warming of the earth could cause temperature and pressure anomalies that destabilize the vortex.

Conclusion

In short, the polar vortex is a phenomenon to be closely monitored, not only to anticipate extreme cold waves, but also to better understand the potential consequences of climate change in the longer term. Understand the polar vortex and the sudden drop in temperatures that it can cause is essential to predict and prepare for the potentially dangerous weather conditions caused by this phenomenon.